فراالگوی ارزیابی ریسک تقلب در حسابرسی: رویکردی کیفی مبتنی بر نظریه دادهبنیاد
کلمات کلیدی:
ریسک تقلب, حسابرسی, کیفیت حسابرسی, نظریه دادهبنیادچکیده
هدف این پژوهش ارائه یک فراالگوی جامع و توسعهیافته برای ارزیابی ریسک تقلب در فرآیند حسابرسی بر اساس رویکرد کیفی و نظریه دادهبنیاد و با تکیه بر دیدگاه خبرگان حرفه حسابرسی است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کیفی و بنیادی بوده و با رویکرد نظریه دادهبنیاد چندوجهی انجام شد. دادهها از طریق مصاحبههای نیمهساختاریافته با ۳۲ نفر از خبرگان شامل اساتید دانشگاه، شرکای مؤسسات حسابرسی، مدیران نهادهای نظارتی و تحلیلگران مالی در سال 2023 گردآوری گردید. نمونهگیری بهصورت هدفمند و گلولهبرفی تا دستیابی به اشباع نظری ادامه یافت. تحلیل دادهها از طریق کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی با بهرهگیری از نرمافزار MAXQDA انجام شد و در نهایت مفاهیم استخراجشده در قالب مقولههای علّی، زمینهای، مداخلهگر، راهبردی و پیامدی سازماندهی شدند. نتایج تحلیل نشان داد ارزیابی ریسک تقلب فرآیندی چندبعدی و پویا است که به تعامل عوامل فردی، سازمانی و محیطی وابسته است. مهارت حرفهای حسابرسان در کاربرد قوانین و استانداردها، توانایی شناختی و ادراکی، دانش تخصصی و درک پیچیدگی محیط کسبوکار بهعنوان شرایط علّی اصلی شناسایی شدند. شرایط زمینهای شامل نظارت نهادی مؤثر، کار تیمی، شبکهسازی حرفهای و تصمیمگیری مبتنی بر اطلاعات بود. عوامل مداخلهگر نظیر اخلاق حرفهای، شایستگی عملکردی، مدیریت عملکرد، مسئولیتپذیری اجتماعی و همسویی با تحولات فناوری اطلاعات نقش تقویتکننده داشتند. راهبردهای کلیدی شامل توسعه توانایی شناسایی الگوهای نوین تقلب و تفسیر یکپارچه استانداردها و مقررات بودند که در نهایت به ارتقای کیفیت قضاوت حرفهای و اثربخشی فرآیند حسابرسی منجر شدند. فراالگوی ارائهشده نشان میدهد ارزیابی ریسک تقلب صرفاً مبتنی بر شاخصهای مالی نیست بلکه نیازمند نگرشی سیستمی و چندسطحی است که عوامل انسانی، نهادی و فناورانه را بهطور همزمان در بر گیرد. استقرار چنین الگویی میتواند موجب ارتقای کیفیت حسابرسی، افزایش شفافیت گزارشگری مالی، تقویت اعتماد ذینفعان، بهبود کارایی بازارهای مالی و کاهش پیامدهای اقتصادی ناشی از تقلب شود.
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حق نشر 2025 Faryad Eisazadeh (Author); Asgar Pakmaram (Corresponding author); Saeid Jabbarzadeh Kangarlouei, Jamal Bahri Sales (Author)

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