Identification and Ranking of Factors Affecting Financial Sustainability in the Iranian Premier Football League

Abstract

This study aimed to identify and rank the factors influencing financial sustainability in the Iranian Premier Football League using a mixed-method sequential exploratory approach. This applied study was conducted in two phases. In the qualitative phase, a systematic literature review was performed, and thematic analysis was conducted using Nvivo 14 to identify the main themes related to financial sustainability. In the quantitative phase, a structured questionnaire derived from the qualitative findings was distributed among 20 experts in sports finance management based in Tehran. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and the Friedman test was applied to determine the ranking of the identified factors. Results indicated six main categories affecting financial sustainability: financial and budgetary management, managerial structure and governance, sports marketing and branding, legal system and contract transparency, institutional and governmental support, and human resources and social capital. According to the Friedman test, financial and budgetary management ranked first (mean rank = 5.78), followed by managerial structure and governance (5.24) and sports marketing and branding (4.89). The findings highlight that financial transparency, diversification of revenue sources, and managerial independence are the key prerequisites for financial sustainability in Iranian football. Moreover, digital marketing development, legal standardization, and human resource training are essential for strengthening long-term financial stability. Implementing innovative financial policies and reforming governance frameworks can pave the way toward sustainable professional football in Iran.